Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families and People Pleasing

In my prior articles about adult children of dysfunctional families, I focused on various personality traits, which are described in ACOA (Adult Children of Alcoholics) Laundry list and which are often found in adult children from dysfunctional families, including confusing love and pity and having difficulty completing things.  In this article, I'll focus on another trait from this list, people pleasing (also known as approval seeking).

Children of Dysfunctional Families

As I've mentioned in the prior articles, dysfunctional families, include families where there is addictive or chaotic behavior, which could include, among other things:  alcoholism, drug abuse, compulsive gambling, domestic violence, infidelity, sexual addiction, and other chaotic and unhealthy behavior.

People who grew up in a dysfunctional family often didn't get the love and approval that they needed as  children.  So, as adults, they usually engage in people pleasing behavior, often to their own detriment, to try to seek approval and avoid feeling abandoned.

Inwardly, they often suffer with low self esteem, which also fuels their need to seek approval from outside of themselves.

Not everyone who engages in people pleasing behavior comes from a dysfunctional family, but it is a common trait for adults from these families.

Often, until they come to therapy, individuals who engage in people pleasing behavior have little or no awareness that they have this personality trait.

It's also not unusual for them to wait until there's an emotional crisis for them to seek help for themselves.

The following vignette which, as always, is a composite of many cases to protect confidentiality, illustrated how therapy can help to overcome people pleasing behavior:

Alice
Alice was in her early 50s by the time she came to therapy for the first time.  She was exhausted and at her wit's end trying to balance taking care of her teenage children, her husband, her household, and her elderly parents.

Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families and People Pleasing

Never having been in therapy, Alice came initially because she felt she needed emotional support to continue providing support to everyone else.

Initially, she expressed guilt about not being able to handle all the responsibilities that she took on without feeling depleted and overwhelmed.

As we discussed her family history, she divulged that she grew up as an only child in a household where her father was an alcoholic and her mother was a compulsive gambler.

Her role in the family was as the "scapegoat" (see my article:  The Role of the Family Scapegoat in Dysfunctional Families).

Alice had a nurturing grandmother who took care of Alice when she was young

They lived upstairs from Alice's grandmother, who was warm and nurturing and also made sure that Alice's basic needs were taken care of while Alice's parents were out drinking and gambling.

But after her grandmother died, when Alice was 12, Alice was often left to fend for herself as well as take care of her father when he came home drunk while her mother was out at the casino.

Alice described her mother as cold and withdrawn.  Her mother often stayed in her room (the parents had separate bedrooms) and kept to herself, especially as her gambling got progressively worse.  When she paid attention to Alice at all, she was critical and dismissive.

Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families:  Alice's mother was a compulsive gambler

Sometimes, when her mother lost a lot of money gambling and she came home angry, she would take out her anger on Alice.  She would threaten to put Alice in an orphanage.  This would terrify Alice as a young child and it created a fear in her that her mother would abandon her.

It wasn't until she came to therapy that Alice came to understand that her parents had already abandoned her emotionally and how this also exacerbated her fears about abandonment and a need to seek approval from others.

Alice described her father as being the more affectionate one when he was sober.  He had endearing pet names for Alice and she liked being around him during those times.

But when he was drunk, it was as if he were a different person (Alice called these shifts "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde").

Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families and People Pleasing:  Alice's father drank excessively

Alice dreaded being around him when he was drunk because he was often enraged and verbally abusive.  When she was a young child and her grandmother was still alive, Alice would retreat into her grandmother's apartment to steer clear of him.

But after her grandmother died and her father's drinking got worse over time, she had no retreat.  And he would usually come home so drunk that he could barely get into bed by himself.

Since her mother wanted nothing to do with her father, Alice would help him as best as she could.

Throughout her childhood, she tried very hard to please her parents, but she was only moderately successful with her father when he was sober.  No matter how hard she tried, Alice couldn't please her mother.

Alice got married when she was 18 to get out of her parents' house.  She and her husband barely knew each other.

Her husband, who was also 18, turned out to be an alcoholic.  Alice tried to make the marriage work, but she left him after three years because she couldn't stand his drinking anymore.  She had a job so she was able to support herself in a rent stabilized apartment.

Several years later, she remarried to a man who was loving and stable, and they eventually had two teenage daughters.

At the point when Alice came to therapy, she was working full time, raising her daughters with her husband, assuming all the household chores at home, and taking care of her elderly parents who lived nearby.

Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families and People Pleasing

She was so exhausted that she often got sick because her immune system was compromised.

Although her husband wanted to help at home and with her parents, she wouldn't allow.  She felt that she needed to be in control of all aspects of the responsibilities that she took on.

She didn't want her daughters, who were in their mid-teens, to help because she didn't want them to feel overwhelmed the way she did as a child.

So, against her husband's wishes that their daughters should have some responsibilities, Alice often catered to them as well (see my article:  Avoiding Codependency With Your Children).

Her husband was also annoyed that Alice spent so much time cleaning and shopping for her parents because they were ungrateful and they could easily have afforded to hire help.

He often told Alice that, by overextending herself with her parents, she was still seeking the love and approval that she never got as a child, but until she came to therapy, she wouldn't listen to him.

Both parents were now in their early 70s and retired.   Her mother was in reasonable good health and she could have taken care of herself and her husband.  But she felt it was Alice's duty, as their only child, to take care of them.

The father, who had cut back on his drinking, was showing signs of alcohol-related dementia and he had become much more passive.

Both treated Alice as if she were still a child, and she felt like a child whenever she was around them (see my article:  Feeling Like a Child Again During Family Visits).

At work, Alice often eagerly volunteered to do extra work to please her boss, who complimented her, but who hadn't given her a raise in several years.

Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families and People Pleasing

The weight of all of these responsibilities came crashing down on Alice one day as she was driving back home from her parents' home to her house during an ice storm.

As she narrowly missed hitting another car due to icy conditions, she burst into tears and barely managed to maintain control of the car.

By the time she got home, Alice felt like she was losing her mind.  She was so out of touch with her own feelings that she didn't realize that her anger and frustration had been building up for many years.

When her husband suggested that she seek help, she felt deeply ashamed for needing help, but she also knew that she felt too overwhelmed to deal with her emotions on her own.

When I showed Alice the ACOA Laundry list, which is a list of 14 character traits developed by the Adult Children of Alcoholics World Service Organization, she was stunned to discover that she could identify with most of these traits, especially #2 which says, "We became approval seekers and lost our identity in the process."

We also talked about codependency and how her codependent behavior was adversely affecting her life as well as her husband's and daughters' lives.

We began therapy by working on Alice developing a better sense of self as an individual who was separate from her parents and her current family.

We worked on her developing better coping skills and self care routines (see my article about self care).

We also did trauma therapy, including EMDR, Somatic Experiencing, and clinical hypnosis to help Alice process her feelings of being emotionally abused and her fear of being abandoned (see my articles: Overcoming Fear of Abandonment).

Giving up even a little bit of control wasn't easy for Alice.  But along the way, she allowed her husband to shoulder more of the responsibilities at home, which he was more than willing to do.

They also both sat down and talked to their daughters about assuming more responsibility for themselves and household chores.

At first, unaccustomed to having these responsibilities they balked, but they eventually got accustomed to helping out.

The most difficult part for Alice was being assertive and setting limits with her mother.

It took a lot of work in therapy for her to get the courage to stand up to her mother and deal with the possible emotional consequences.

Alice mourned what she didn't get emotionally from her parents.

Alice was assertive with her mother

By the time she was ready to talk to her mother, Alice had developed a stronger sense of self.

She knew her mother would be very angry and might never speak to her again.  Although this made her feel anxious and sad, Alice was ready for this possibility.

When she told her mother that she would no longer cook and clean for her parents because she needed time for herself, as Alice predicted, her mother went into a rage and called her "selfish."  But Alice was able to be assertive and set limits with her mother.

Afterwards, Alice had terrible pangs of guilt and anguish. She talked in therapy several times about calling her mother to apologize and take it all back.  But deep down she knew that would be a step backward.

Under these circumstances, feeling guilty after taking a stand for one's self isn't at all unusual, especially for adult children of dysfunctional families, who have problems asserting themselves.

As Alice expressed her guilt, we both knew there was a younger part of herself, the young child who didn't want to be abandoned, who was getting emotionally triggered within Alice. So, we did ego states therapy work to help to heal that part of Alice.

After not hearing from her mother for several months, Alice received a call one day from her mother, who spoke casually and acted as if nothing had ever happened between them.

Even though her mother didn't apologize, Alice knew that it had taken a lot for her mother to make that call, so she accepted her mother's limitations and spoke to her.

By the end of the conversation, her mother gave Alice a dig by saying that the house was in better shape than it ever was with her new housekeeper.  But Alice realized what her mother was doing, and she didn't go for the bait.  She knew she couldn't change her mother.

Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families and People Pleasing

During the termination phase of our work together, Alice reflected back on the crisis that had brought her to therapy.

At the time, as previously mentioned, she wanted emotional support to keep doing what she was doing, but she came to realize that her codependent behavior was unhealthy for her and those around her.

Although she had initially seen this crisis as one of worst things to happen in her life, she now saw it as a turning point that forced her to come to therapy so she could regain her sense of self.

By the time, she ended therapy, she was no longer engaging in people pleasing behavior.

She had more realistic expectations of her parents (see my article:  Developing Realistic Expectations About Your Family of Origin).

She was taking better care of herself.   She and her husband went out more.  Her daughters were helping out more.  Alice no longer spent long hours at the office and she asserted herself to get a raise.  She was also attending Al Anon meetings (see my article:  Al Anon: Beyond Reciting Slogans).

See my other articles on this topic:
Dynamics of Children of Dysfunctional Families
Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families: Confusing Love and Pity
Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families: Having Difficulty Completing Things

Getting Help in Therapy
Even when you know that you are caught up in approval seeking behavior, trying to overcome this problem on your own is difficult due to the underlying dynamics and emotional triggers involved.

Getting Help in Therapy

Rather than being stuck in this dynamic, you can seek help from a licensed mental health professional who has experience helping clients to develop a strong sense of self, work through related trauma and overcome codependent behavior.

Freeing yourself from your history of dysfunctional family dynamics can help you to live a more fulfilling life.

About Me
I am a licensed New York City psychotherapist, hypnotherapist, EMDR and Somatic Experiencing therapist who works with individual adults and couples.

I have helped many adult children of dysfunctional families and others to overcome shame, improve their self esteem, set limits and boundaries with family members, and overcome codependent behavior to lead happier lives.

To find out more about me, visit my website:  Josephine Ferraro, LCSW - NYC Psychotherapist.

To set up a consultation, call me at (917) 742-2624 during business hours or email me.

Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families Often Have Difficulty Completing Things

As I mentioned in earlier articles, until they get psychological help, many adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs) and dysfunctional families have difficulty in adult relationships.

Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families Often Have Difficulty Completing Things

These difficulties usually stem from growing up in a family where they lived in a chaotic household where the parents were often drunk, unpredictable, irresponsible and created chaos in the family.

Since dysfunctional family dynamics are often intergenerational, chances are good that these patterns will continue from one generation to the next until the adult child of a dysfunctional family decides to get psychological help to break this pattern.

One of the difficulties is problems completing things, which include personal project, educational pursuits, work projects and so on.

The following vignette, which is a composite of many different cases to protect confidentiality, illustrates how these dynamics play out as well as how to break this pattern:

Dan

Dan grew up in a large family where his father, Joe, was a heavy drinker and his parents often argued because of Joe's alcoholism.

Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families Often Have  Difficulty Completing Things

As far back as he could remember, his family's social activities revolved around the local bar.  As the oldest child of seven children, he was usually the one who helped his father to walk home on a Saturday evening at closing time when his father was too drunk to walk on his own.

Since many of Dan's friends in the neighborhood had the same role in their families, Dan didn't realize, until he became an adult, that there was anything unusual about this.  He thought that this was just how life was for the average family.

Over the course of Dan's childhood, his father had many jobs as a plumber's assistant.  Most of the time, his father would begin these jobs with enthusiasm.  But soon after he began, he would complain about the boss's unfairness, perceived slights, and many other gripes that he would had.

Within a few months, he began to go in late or he just didn't show up at all.  On the days when he didn't bother to go in, he would hang out with his buddies in the bar.  Soon after that, he would lose his job and begin searching for another one where he would repeat the same pattern.

As a result, the family was often in a state of emotional and financial chaos.  Dan's mother, Liz, Dan and his brothers were usually on an emotional roller coaster, hoping the good times would last when times were good and dreading that the bad times would never end when times were bad.

As Joe's drinking problem progressed, Liz got a job as a school aide to help pay the bills.  Even though her salary was low, she managed, somehow, to always have food on the table, although it might be meager.  But she was constantly fending off the landlord, threats of eviction, and bill collectors.

When Joe could no longer work because his alcoholism created health problems, as a young adult, Dan became the primary breadwinner for the family, and his younger brothers helped out by getting part time jobs.  During that time, his mother went to nursing school and eventually got a job in a hospital as a nurse.

Volunteering for double shifts, Liz earned more money than the family had ever seen.  By then, Dan was able to enroll in college where he met and fell in love with Linda.

Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families Often Have Difficulty Completing Things

Throughout his life, Dan had difficulty completing things.  Even when he was a child, he would start assembling a model car with enthusiasm, but then he would lose interest and drop the project.

Dan was enthusiastic about starting college, but he soon found himself struggling to stay organized and keep up with the work.  Since he was very bright, he sailed through high school without much effort and without completing many of his assignments, but he discovered that college required more, which frightened him.

Whenever Dan felt frustrated and wanted to quit, Linda would encourage him to stick it out.  She helped him to try to stay calm and get organized, but he continued to struggle with an urge to quit.

At that point, Dan realized that he had a problem, but he didn't understand what was happening to him.  So, he decided to go to the college counseling center, where he was able to have three sessions with a clinical social worker, who provided Dan with psychoeducation about how adult children of alcoholics are often affected by their family dynamics.  After the three sessions, his college counselor referred Dan to me for psychotherapy.

Initially, Dan had a problem making a commitment to come to his therapy sessions.  He seemed always on the verge of leaving, saying that he understood his problems and he didn't see the need to continue.

The initial stage of our work involved helping Dan to develop better coping skills, which he was never taught as a child.  As a result, Dan had low tolerance for frustration or anything that required sustained effort.

At that point in his therapy, his motivation was mostly external:  He knew that if he quit college, his chances of getting the kind of job that he wanted would be nil.  

I helped Dan to see the difference between intellectual insight, which is what he had at that point, and actually using this insight to make the changes he said he wanted to make.  As we looked at his life, he admitted that insight alone wasn't helping him to change.

Then, we began working on Dan's early childhood trauma, including the shame that he felt about himself and his family, as well as breaking self destructive patterns related to his trauma.

Even though Dan was aware of the negative impact of his family dynamics, until then, he never thought of himself as having been traumatized.  He had problems accepting this, at first, until he began to connect, on an emotional level, his experiences in his family with his current problems.

Since talk therapy only took us so far, I introduced Dan to concepts of mind-body oriented psychotherapy, including clinical hypnosis, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) and Somatic Experiencing.

Over time, by using EMDR, Dan began to work through his childhood trauma (see my article:  What is EMDR? and How Does EMDR Work?).  It wasn't easy work, but the coping skills that he learned early on in therapy helped him.

Gradually, Dan noticed that he began to feel better about himself and he no longer felt ashamed.  He no longer felt responsible for his father's alcoholism and his enmeshed childhood family dynamics.

As Dan became more self aware and self confident, he was able to tolerate frustration better and he no longer felt the need to quit college.  He completed his assignments on time and enjoyed learning.

As Dan saw positive results in our work, he felt encouraged to continue to do the work.  He also began attending Al-Anon for additional emotional support, and Liz attended her own Al-Anon meetings to help her avoid codependent dynamics.

Dysfunctional Family Dynamics Without Alcohol
Although this article focuses on ACOA dynamics related to alcoholism, many people, who grew up in dysfunctional families where there was no substance abuse, also experience similar dynamics.

Aside from substance abuse, intergenerational patterns of trauma, regardless of their origins, can create similar dynamics.

See my other articles on this topic:
Dynamics of Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families

Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families: Confusing Love and Pity

Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families and People Pleasing

Getting Help in Therapy
Many people who are affected by childhood trauma related to dysfunctional families, never get the psychological help that they need.  The result is that they continue to perpetuate these dynamics in their own lives as well as in their children's lives.

If these issues resonate with you, even though taking the first step might seem hard, you owe it to yourself and your spouse and family to get psychological help from a licensed mental health professional who has experience helping clients with these issues.

With help in therapy, you and your family could be living a happier life.

About Me
I am a licensed NYC psychotherapist, hypnotherapist, EMDR and Somatic Experiencing therapist who works with individual adults and couples.

I have helped many clients who grew up in dysfunctional families to thrive.

To find out more about me, visit my website:  Josephine Ferraro, LCSW - NYC Psychotherapist.

To set up a consultation, call me at (917) 742-2624 during business hours or email me.

Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families: Confusing Love and Pity

In my prior article, I introduced the topic of the dynamics of adult children of alcoholic or dysfunctional families and discussed that, even when there's no substance abuse involved, adult children from dysfunctional families often have similar problems to adult children of alcoholics families.

Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families:  Confusing Pity and Love

One the common characteristics for people from dysfunctional families is that they often confuse pity for love and get into codependent relationships where they feel the need to rescue the other person.

Since people who grow up in dysfunctional families often have a fear of being abandoned, they unconsciously choose people who are in turmoil because they feel that these people will depend on them and not leave them.

The fact that this is unconscious is important to recognize.  It's only after these people become aware of their unconscious codependent dynamics that they can begin to understand how and why they're perpetuating these dynamics in each relationship.

Once they've developed an awareness, there is a possibility to change.  As with any change, it's not always easy, especially if codependent dynamics have been longstanding.

Change usually involves processing the childhood emotional trauma so that these dynamics don't keep getting repeated in each relationship.

The following vignette, which is a composite of many different cases to protect confidentiality, illustrates how an adult child of a dysfunctional family repeatedly recreates codependent dynamics, including confusing pity for love, and how this problem can be overcome in therapy:

Ella
Ella began therapy because she felt confused and upset that none of her romantic relationships worked out.

At the time, her ex-boyfriend, Dan, who had lived with her for a year, had just moved out of her apartment following a turbulent breakup.

Ella, who was in her early 30s, felt like a "failure" when it came to relationships.  Prior to the last breakup, she had been in three long term relationships, and every one of them ended badly.

When she first met him, she was sure that Dan was her "soul mate," but she was bewildered as to why it didn't work out.

When she first met Dan in a cafe, he was unemployed and "couch surfing" among his friends.  As they struck up a conversation and Dan talked about his problems, Ella felt a instant intense attraction to him.

By the end of their conversation, Ella invited him over to her apartment.  They had passionate sex, and within a couple of weeks, she invited him to move in.

Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families:  Confusing Pity and Love

Ella ignored her friends' advice to wait because she really didn't know him and she would be supporting him while he looked for a job.

Her best friend, Nina, tried to tell her that there were "red flags" with Dan after she heard from Ella that he had a history of rocky romantic relationships and an unstable work history.  Nina also pointed out that Dan's problems seemed similar to Ella's last two boyfriends and she reminded Ella of how badly those relationships ended (see my article:  Falling In Love With "Mr. Wrong" Over and Over Again).

But Ella felt that Dan wasn't the same at all as her last two boyfriends.  She told Nina that, while Dan had similar circumstances to her last two boyfriends, Dan was completely different.  She felt sure that, with her help, Dan would be back on his feet in no time and they would be in love forever.

Initially, their relationship was very passionate and intense.  Ella saw this as confirmation that they were each other's "soul mates."

Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families:  Confusing Pity and Love

During that time, Ella spent a lot of time networking for Dan.  She contacted everyone that she knew in Dan's field to try to help him find a job.

As a favor to Ella, these people met Dan to see if they could help him.  But after each meeting Ella was surprised to hear negative feedback from her colleagues about Dan.  Most of them said, after hearing him complain about his prior bosses, that he created problems for himself at work, and they were hesitant to recommend him to contacts in their professional network.

After six months, Dan and Ella began to argue because Ella felt that Dan wasn't following her suggestions to find a new job, and Dan felt that Ella was being too pushy.

Whereas their relationship was passionate in the beginning, they weren't even having sex any more.  Dan told her that he didn't feel sexually attracted to her any more because he felt that she was nagging him like his mother, and he didn't feel like having sex with someone who reminded him of his mother.

Adult Children of Alcoholic and Dysfunctional Families

Ella felt that Dan wasn't appreciating how hard she had worked to try to help him.

When Ella called Nina in tears because she was worried that her relationship with Dan was in trouble, Nina wasn't surprised.  Nina knew that Ella had gone through similar dynamics in her prior relationships and, once again, Ella was unable to see that this was a recurring pattern.

Once again, Nina recommended that Ella go to therapy.  But Ella didn't feel she needed to see a therapist--until several months later when Dan moved out while Ella was at work.  He left her a terse note that it was over between them, he was tired of her trying to "fix" him, and he would rather stay with friends.

Feeling abandoned and confused, Ella contacted me to begin therapy (see my article:  Overcoming Fear of Abandonment That Keeps You Stuck in an Unhealthy Relationship).

Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families:  Confusing Pity and Love

After Ella talked about her background in a highly chaotic and dysfunctional family, I showed her the ACOA Laundry List, which lists many of the character traits of people who come from alcoholic and/or dysfunctional families.

This was an eye-opening experience for Ella.  To her surprise, she identified with almost all of the characteristics.

Over time as we continued to work in therapy, Ella was able to see that what she really felt for Dan and her prior boyfriends was pity--not love--and she was attempting to rescue and "fix" each of them.

As Ella developed a better perspective about her relationship dynamics and how they related to her childhood history, she began to understand why these relationships were doomed from the start.  She also began to understand the emotional, physical and financial toll that these relationships had taken on her.

Initially, Ella feared that she could never be attracted to anyone who didn't need rescuing.

Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families:  Getting Help in Therapy

But as we processed her early childhood emotional trauma, Ella no longer confused pity for love, she was no longer afraid of being abandoned, and she was no longer attracted to men who were having a lot of problems.

See my other articles about this topic:
Dynamics of Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families
Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families: Having Difficulty Completing Things
Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families and People Pleasing


Getting Help in Therapy
Confusing pity for love is a common problem among people who grew up in dysfunctional families.

If you sense that this is your problem, you owe it to yourself to get help from a licensed mental health professional who can help you to process the emotional trauma that is related to this problem so that you can develop a stronger sense of self and choose healthier relationships.

About Me
I am a licensed NYC psychotherapist, hypnotherapist, EMDR and Somatic Experiencing therapist who works with individual adults and couples.

One of my specialties is helping clients to overcome codependent dynamics and work through emotional trauma.

To find out more about me, visit my website:  Josephine Ferraro, LCSW - NYC Psychotherapist.

The Dynamics of Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families

The Adult Children of Alcoholics World Service Organization outlines a laundry list of 14 traits of Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOAs).  These traits often apply to adult children of dysfunctional families.

Dynamics of Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families

As a psychotherapist who specializes in working with trauma, I work with individuals and couples who are challenged by these characteristics and who often don't come to therapy until they have been significantly impacted in their adults lives.

Dynamics of Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families

These traits, which are usually deeply ingrained, are often perpetuated from one generation to the next, and difficult to overcome on your own.

Adult Children of Alcoholics and people from dysfunctional families are often surprised when they read the laundry list to discover that they identify with many of these traits.  They're also usually relieved to discover that these problems are not unique to them and that there is an identifiable cause that is known.

Some of the traits include:

• Approval seeking and loss of identity
• Confusing love and pity
• Confusing compassion and responsibility
• Fear of angry people and personal criticism
• Fear of authority figures
• Difficulty completing things

Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families and Fear

I've discussed other traits that are often identified as characteristics of adults from alcoholic and/or dysfunctional families in prior articles, including:

• Mind-Body Connection: Responding Instead of Reacting to Stress

• Overcoming Fear of Abandonment

• Overcoming Fear of Anger

• Relationships: Overcoming Codependency

• Avoiding Codependency With Your Children

• Learning to Feel Comfortable With Yourself

• Exploring Secondary Gains of Codependency in Therapy

• Addicted to Stress

• Al-Anon: Beyond Reciting Slogans

• Overcoming Childhood Trauma That Affects You as an Adult

• How to Stop Pretending That You're Happy When You're Not

• Early Recovery: You've Stopped Drinking. Now What?

• Overcoming the Temptation to Use "Liquid Courage" to Feel Comfortable in Social Situations

• Toxic Family Secrets

• Overcoming Dysfunctional Ways of Relating in Your Family

• Overcoming Shame: Is Shame Keeping You From Starting Therapy?

• Why Is It That It's Usually the Healthiest Person in a Dysfunctional Family Who Goes to Therapy?

• Getting to Know the Only Person You Can Change: Yourself

See my other articles about dynamics of adult children of dysfunctional families:

• Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families: Confusing Love and Pity

• Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families: Having Difficulty Completing Things

• Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families and People Pleasing

I look forward to hearing your comments.

Getting Help in Therapy
Many people who come from dysfunctional families, whether there was alcoholism or not, feel that they were the only ones who experienced childhood trauma in this way in their families.

As a result, they tend to isolate or to pretend that they're doing well when they're not.

Free Yourself From the Psychological Effects of Trauma By Getting Help in Therapy

Rather than isolating and suffering with the psychological effects of trauma by yourself, you could get help from a licensed mental health professional who has experience working with psychological trauma so you can free yourself from the negative impact of your family history and live a fulfilling life.

About Me
I am a licensed NYC psychotherapist, hypnotherapist, EMDR and Somatic Experiencing therapist who works with individual adults and couples.

One of my specialties is helping clients to overcome emotional trauma.

To find out more about me, visit my website:  Josephine Ferraro, LCSW - NYC Psychotherapist.

To set up a consultation, call me at (917) 742-2624 during business hours or email me.

Reconnecting With Your Inner World Without Distractions

Several years ago, a friend told me about her experiences in a week long meditation retreat that she participated in as a way to reconnect with her body, mind and spirit following a difficult time in her life.

Reconnecting With Your Inner World Without Distractions

Although it was difficult to feel some of the feelings, by reconnecting with her inner world without distractions, her overall experience was that she rediscovered an internal source of peace, wisdom and strength that she had not experienced in many years.

Since ancient times, retreats have offered a way to get away from the responsibilities and distractions of every day life in order to heal mentally, emotionally, physically and spiritually.

Whether you go away to a retreat or you create a retreat experience for yourself through time alone in meditation, prayer or ritual, you can experience the benefits of reconnecting with your inner world (see my article:  Learning to Relax: Going on an Internal Retreat).

A World of Constant Distractions and Stress
I'm concerned that we have so many distractions, including cellphones, iPads, and video games, that many people have become disconnected from their own internal experience.

A World of Constant Distractions and Stress

Worse still, for people who became adults in this era of constant distractions, the idea of being awake without some form of distraction is foreign to them.  Not only are many of them uncomfortable with the experience of connecting to their inner world, but many of them seek to avoid it.

After a while, only relating to external stimuli can leave you feeling inauthentic, like an empty shell.

To  avoid feelings of emptiness, some people look for even stronger external stimuli to distract themselves.

The external stimuli could include alcohol abuse, drug abuse, compulsive gambling, sexual addiction, sexual affairs, spending too much time on the computer or watching TV and other compulsive habits (see my article:  Changing Coping Strategies That No Longer Work For You: Avoidance).

Taking Time For Yourself
If a retreat of week or even a few days feels like too much for you, you can start by taking just a few minutes each day to be silent without distractions.

Reconnecting With Your Inner World Without Distractions

Even if you spend just a few minutes in the morning by yourself in silence, after a while, you will probably discover that it can be the most precious few minutes of your day (see my article:  Stress Management: Finding a Moment of Peace and Relaxation)

Other Ways to Reconnect With Your Inner World

• Spending time in nature
• Going for a walk
• Swimming
• Writing in a journal
• Creative writing
• Drawing
• Writing poetry
• Meditating
• Praying
• Practicing yoga
• Reading an inspiring story, a memoir or poetry
• Listening to music
• Stargazing
• Whatever feels inspiring and meaningful to you

A Transitional Time:  Taking Time to Quiet Your Mind Before Your Therapy Session
My reception area has a sign that asks people to be respectful of the people around them and the space by not talking on their cellphones.

Reconnecting With Your Inner World Without Distractions:  Transitional Time

One of the reasons for this request is to help clients to be aware that they're in a transitional time before  their therapy session.  They've just come from the outside world with whatever was going on for them.  But now they have a chance to begin to quiet their minds before they come into the therapy session.

Reconnecting With Your Inner World Without Distractions in Therapy

For many people, their weekly therapy session might be the only time during the week when they reconnect and reflect on themselves in a meaningful way (see my article:  The Benefits of Therapy).

Getting Help in Therapy
For people who have been disconnected from themselves for a while, attempts to reconnect with their inner world can feel too difficult to do by themselves.

If you feel like your attempts haven't worked for you, rather than struggling alone, you could benefit from working with a licensed mental health professional who can help you to recapture your sense of self and feel more authentic.

By getting help in therapy, you could start leading a more authentic and fulfilling life.

About Me
I am a NYC psychotherapist, hypnotherapist, EMDR and Somatic Experiencing therapist who works with individual adults and couples.

To find out more about me, visit my website:  Josephine Ferraro, LCSW - NYC Psychotherapist.

To set up a consultation, call me at (917) 742-2624 during business hours or email me.

Should Psychotherapists Be Required to Attend Their Own Personal Therapy?

Many people are surprised to discover that psychotherapists aren't required to attend their own personal therapy (as of this writing).  It would seem to be a "no brainer" that psychotherapists, who provide psychotherapy services to clients, would benefit on many levels from having the experience of being in therapy, especially at the beginning of their mental health career when professional inexperience and a lack of insight about how their own issues could affect their work and lead to clinical and ethical mistakes with clients (see my article:  The Benefits of Therapy).

Should Psychotherapists Be Required to Attend Their Own Personal Therapy?

While psychotherapists are required to have a certain amount of clinical supervision to get their license, as of this writing, unless a clinician with a graduate degree goes on for additional postgraduate psychoanalytic training, they're not required to be in their own therapy.

In my opinion, this is not only unfortunate for their clients, it's also a mistake for clinicians, who also might be getting poor clinical supervision, especially if they're practicing in a social service setting.

When I completed my graduate school training and became certified, I knew that the clinical training that I received in graduate school was inadequate to begin seeing therapy clients, so I trained for four additional years at a psychoanalytic institute starting in 1996 where I was required to be in my own three-time a week therapy.

The list of approved therapists that I was given had a minimum of 15 years of postgraduate clinical experience, so they were seasoned professionals who had experience as psychotherapists to therapists in training.

While I enjoyed the rigor of my classes, my individual and group supervision, and seeing clients at the center, the experience of being in my own therapy was, by far, the best part of my training.

Not only did my own analysis help me to work through personal issues, it also helped me to distinguish my own personal issues from the clients' issues.

While, at first glance, it might seem like it should be obvious for a therapist to distinguish his or her personal issues from the client's, therapists, like anyone else, have unconscious emotional blind spots.  So, it's very easy to inadvertently allow countertransference issues to get in the way of clinical work.

With fewer clinicians going on for postgraduate training these days, I'm very concerned about what this means for the field and for prospective therapy clients, especially for new clinicians who are getting inadequate or poor quality clinical supervision.

Even in cases where clinicians might be getting good clinical supervision, supervision isn't the same as being in your own personal therapy.

Should Psychotherapists Be Required to Attend Their Own Personal Therapy?

Clinical supervisors are usually careful about maintaining a boundary where they don't discuss in detail a clinician's personal history with regard to how it might relate to the clinical work.  So, many relevant issues that could be affecting the work wouldn't be explored.

To illustrate some of the possible pitfalls of therapists not attending their own personal therapy, I've included a fictionalized vignette below:

Ann
After Ann completed her graduate school training, she began working at a social service agency for low income clients.  This was the same social service agency where she did her second internship where she received supervision for her individual and group work with clients.

As a full time employee, she was supervised by a different clinical supervisor, who also supervised 20 other clinicians.

Whereas Ann had a small caseload as an intern, she was given a much larger caseload as a full time clinician.  She was also expected to work more independently as compared to when she was an intern.  In addition, she was expected to keep up with a lot of required paperwork.

Within a short period of time, Ann realized that she was in over her head.  But, whereas when she was an intern, she had easy access to her clinical supervisor for questions and problems, her current supervisor was often tied up trying to handle whatever clinical crises arose on a daily basis.

Should Psychotherapists Be Required to Attend Their Own Personal Therapy?

Ann's coworkers were also overwhelmed with their own caseloads, so they also had limited time to help her with problems that came up with Ann's clients.

When Ann had an opportunity to meet with her supervisor, she discovered that the emphasis was on getting paperwork done and not on clinical issues.

The agency was audited by a number of entities and would be sanctioned heavily if the cases weren't properly documented.  So, Ann's supervisor informed her that they had already been sanctioned hundreds of thousands of dollars in the past for missing paperwork.  She warned Ann to do whatever she needed to do to get the paperwork done before the auditors arrived the following week.  If this meant that Ann had to stay on her own time to complete the paperwork, so be it.

When Ann attempted to talk more in-depth about clinical issues, she felt that her supervisor only provided her with minimal assistance and she was often left on her own to handle problems.

Working long unpaid hours and plagued by doubts and insecurities, Ann went home exhausted but she was often too anxious to fall asleep.  So by the time she came to work the next morning, she was feeling irritable as well as anxious.

Ann and her colleagues talked sometimes on those days when they actually took a lunch break, but these times were few and far between.  So she was often felt alone with her anxiety.

Within a few months, Ann felt like she was burning out.  She was determined to stay at the social service agency long enough to meet the requirements to get her license, and then she hoped to open her own private practice.

As soon as she became licensed, she set up a private practice office and gave notice to her employer.  With brand new business cards and a well furnished office in a central Manhattan location, she went to her office and waited for clients to come.  But no one did.

After a few months of paying a high rent but not seeing any clients, Ann wasn't sure what she was doing wrong, so she decided to participate in peer supervision where she learned the basics of setting up a private practice and how to try to get clients.

Colleagues from the group referred a few clients to Ann.  One of the clients was involved in an emotionally abusive relationship, and Ann felt herself becoming annoyed, judgmental and impatient with this client.

Should Psychotherapists Be Required to Attend Their Own Personal Therapy?

As she talked about this client in peer supervision, one of the more experienced therapists told Ann that she thought Ann's countertransference towards this client was getting in the way of her clinical work.

She suggested that Ann hire an individual clinical supervisor.  In addition, since she knew that Ann had never been in her own therapy, she also suggested that Ann get into her own personal therapy because it seemed like the client's issues were triggering personal issues in Ann.

At first, Ann was surprised and a little offended that this senior therapist would suggest that she get into her own therapy.  She agreed that she could benefit from individual supervision, especially since the quality of supervision she received from her former employer was so poor.  But she didn't think that anything was getting triggered in her personally.

At that point, her biggest concern was that her small income from her private practice wasn't even covering the rent.  How could she afford to hire an individual supervisor as well as be in her own therapy?

Ann chose Mary, a supervisor who was recommended by several senior clinicians in her peer supervision group, and met with her an hour every week for clinical assistance.

Within a short time, Mary could see that there was something about Ann's client, who was in an emotionally abusive relationship, that was affecting Ann on a personal level.

Distinguishing individual supervision from personal therapy, Mary told Ann that it was obvious to her that Ann was getting emotionally triggered by this client and this was why Ann was so impatient, judgmental and irritable around this client.

She spoke to Ann about this in terms of countertransference, and recommended that if Ann was going to continue to do this work, she needed to be in her own therapy so she could distinguish her own issues from the client's.

Ann respected Mary's clinical expertise so, reluctantly, she followed her advice, and she was able to find a therapist who provided sliding scale therapy.

Within a short time, Ann realized in her own therapy that her client reminded her of her mother, who was emotionally abused by Ann's father.  She also realized that her reaction to this client was based on her own unconscious unresolved feelings towards her mother.

Rather than do this client any more harm, Ann decided to refer the client to a more experienced therapist who had worked with many similar cases.

Ann also realized that while, on paper, she was qualified to be a licensed therapist, she had a lot of personal clinical work to do, so she decided to disband her private practice and take a job doing administrative work until she did her own clinical work in her personal therapy.

Should Psychotherapists Be Required to Attend Their  Own Personal Therapy?

After a couple of years in her personal therapy where she worked through many of her own unresolved issues, both she and her therapist agreed that she was in a much better position to consider starting a private practice again.

Conclusion:  Psychotherapists Should Have the Experience of Being in Their Own Therapy
Licensing requirements for therapists vary from state to state.  Most states require a certain amount of clinical experience and clinical supervision.  Although it might seem like basic commonsense for therapists to have their own personal therapy, most states don't require this for licensure.

The fictionalized vignette above demonstrates some of the pitfalls when a therapist hasn't been in his or her own therapy.

Here are some reasons why personal therapy is beneficial for therapists and, in my opinion, should be required for licensure:

Therapists who have been in their own therapy:

• tend to have a more empathic understanding of what it's like for their clients to be in therapy
• tend to be more attuned to the client's needs
• usually work through their own personal issues so that they don't impose these issues on their clients
• usually have a better understanding of their clients' transference and their own countertransference issues 
• are less likely to have an attitude that therapy is for "other people," but they don't need it
• have a place where they can deal with the unique stressors of being a therapist
• often gain a better understanding of their clients in therapy than in individual supervision
• usually learn to be a better therapist from their own therapist 

Even though personal therapy isn't a requirement for therapists to become licensed, this isn't to say that many therapists don't seek out their own therapy.  Many therapists do opt to go to personal therapy because they know that they and their clients will benefit from it.

Getting Help in Therapy
As a consumer, who might be considering attending therapy, it's important for you to be informed.

Many therapists have the same degrees (LCSWs, Ph.Ds, MDs, etc), but you can't tell from their degree alone whether they went on for additional postgraduate training or if they've ever been in their own therapy.

When you're choosing a psychotherapist, it's important to ask the right questions (see my article:  How to Choose a Psychotherapist).

You can't assume that just because a therapist has a shingle outside his or her door that s/he has worked out his or her own personal history.

During the consultation, you can ask the therapist about the type of training that s/he did as well as if s/he had the experience of personal therapy.

While it wouldn't be appropriate to ask detailed questions about the nature his or her own personal therapy or what issues s/he worked on, if the therapist isn't comfortable answering basic questions about this, I would look elsewhere.

I would be very wary of seeing a therapist who has never been in personal therapy.

When choosing a therapist, you owe it to yourself to make the best possible choice.

The therapist's professional training, licensure, experience and personal therapy do make a difference in the quality of care that you'll receive, so be an informed consumer and make good choices.

About Me
I am a licensed NYC psychotherapist, hypnotherapist, EMDR and Somatic Experiencing therapist who works with individual adults and couples.

To find out more about me, visit my website:  Josephine Ferraro, LCSW - NYC Psychotherapist.

To set up a consultation, call me at (917) 742-2624 during business hours or email me.