In my recent articles, Global Pandemic Causes Significant Increase in Anxiety and Depression and How to Increase Your Tolerance For Uncertainty to Reduce Your Anxiety, I began addressing the psychological impact of the pandemic and how to cope with it.
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| Working Through Unresolved Trauma Doesn't Impact the Present |
In the current article, I'm focusing on how to work through past unresolved trauma so it no longer affects current uncertainties and anxiety (see my article: Reacting to the Present Based on Your Traumatic Past).
Increased Stress and Anxiety About Routine Decisions
While uncertainty has always been a fact of life, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased uncertainty and anxiety for many people (see my article: Common Reactions to the Pandemic: Fear and Anxiety).
This includes making what used to be considered routine decisions--like whether or not to dine out, take public transportation, go to the gym, go to the office, visit elderly relatives, go on vacation, and so on (see my article: Coping With Pandemic Reentry Anxiety).
Due to the health risks involved, especially for people with underlying health conditions, and the uncertainty about the future of the pandemic, many people find it stressful and anxiety-inducing to tolerate this ongoing uncertainty.
The Impact of Unresolved Psychological Trauma on Tolerance for Uncertainty and Anxiety
People who have a history of unresolved psychological trauma, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are especially vulnerable to increased stress and anxiety.
Although many people find it challenging to deal with pandemic-related anxiety, people with unresolved trauma are attempting to deal with the current uncertainties as well as the emotional triggers related to their past.
Clinical Vignette: How Unresolved Trauma Impacts Tolerance For Uncertainty and Anxiety
Let's take a look at a clinical vignette about the impact of unresolved trauma on current uncertainties and anxiety and how trauma therapy can help. As always, this case is a composite of many different cases with all identifying information removed to preserve confidentiality.
Mark
People who knew Mark professionally in his role as a successful sales executive saw him as a calm, confident, agreeable individual.
His superiors, colleagues and customers praised his work. But underneath his seemingly calm and confident exterior, Mark was often plagued with doubts and insecurities most people didn't see.
Although he appeared outwardly confident, inwardly he often felt like an impostor, and he feared others would see just how insecure he felt much of the time.
To try to alleviate his anxiety, Mark confided in his wife, Pam, and his closest friends. And most of the time he felt relieved for a while. But by March 2020, when his office closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic without any certainty it would reopen, no amount of reassurance from his loved ones helped Mark to feel better.
He felt so overwhelmed by anxiety that he had difficulty sleeping at night. And when he finally fell asleep, he often had pandemic-related nightmares (see my article: How to Conquer Your Nightmares).
Even daily activities, like grocery shopping, household chores or paying bills, felt emotionally fraught for him.
Although Mark and Pam both had successful careers and substantial savings, he worried relentlessly that they could be wiped out financially and lose their home. Usually Pam could help Mark to calm down, but that changed at the start of the pandemic.
No matter what she said to reassure him that they had the financial resources to get through whatever came, Pam was unable to get through to Mark. She had never seen him like this before during their 10 year marriage and she was concerned.
Pam was aware that Mark had overcome a childhood filled with adversity to become financially successful. But she also knew this same history often left Mark feeling emotionally vulnerable at times--never more so than at the start of the pandemic.
Realizing Mark's childhood history of emotional neglect and upheaval was getting stirred up for him and making his life unmanageable, Pam suggested he seek help from a psychotherapist who was a trauma specialist (see my article: What is a Trauma Therapist?).
During the history taking phase of therapy, his therapist learned from Mark that he grew up as an only child in a chaotic home environment where his parents could barely cope most of the time.
Since they couldn't cope, his parents were unable to help Mark cope with anxiety. They also had their own unresolved childhood trauma that was affecting them in the present circumstances (see my article: Intergenerational Trauma).
As a result, as a child, Mark had to try to cope as best he could on his own. Not only was Mark unable to depend on his parents for emotional support, but he was often in the role of trying to calm his distraught mother when the father disappeared for weeks during one of his unpredictable alcohol binges (see my article: Children's Roles in Dysfunctional Families).
Although Mark did the best he could in his parentified role of being emotionally supportive to his mother, his efforts came at a high emotional cost to himself. This included stress-related headaches as well as debilitating anxiety which none of the adults in his family or at his school seemed to recognize.
By the time he was a teenager, Mark was often in the role of pleading with the landlord not to evict them for rent arrears because his father was often out of work and his mother was too distraught to deal with the family finances.
Uncertainty and anxiety was a part of Mark's everyday life as a child until he was able to get away to college. By then, his father had sobered up, the family finances were stable, and his mother was coping better with the relative calm in the household. But the history of adversity had taken its toll on Mark so that he frequently felt insecure and anxious throughout his life.
As his therapist listened to Mark's history, she could see how this traumatic history was getting triggered in his current life circumstances, so she provided Mark with psychoeducation about it (see my article: When Past Trauma Affects You in the Present).
But his therapist was also aware that insight alone wouldn't be enough to resolve his problems. So, she spoke to him about how experiential therapy could help him to overcome the impact of his unresolved trauma so he could cope with his current circumstances.
Specifically, she talked to him about the effectiveness of a form of trauma therapy called EMDR therapy.
EMDR stands for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (see my article: Experiential Therapy, Like EMDR, Helps to Achieve Emotional Breakthroughs).
As part of preparing to do EMDR therapy, Mark's therapist helped him to develop internal resources and coping strategies (see my articles: Overcoming Trauma With Somatic Experiencing and Using the Somatic Experiencing Technique of Pendulation to Calm Yourself).
These internal resources and coping strategies helped Mark to cope with his uncertainties and anxiety between his therapy sessions. Although they didn't resolve his problems, they helped him to get by on a day to day basis so that his anxiety no longer spiraled out of control.
Over time, Mark worked on his unresolved childhood trauma so that the uncertainty of the present no longer triggered his past.
The work was neither quick nor easy, but he made progress (see my article: Working Through Trauma: Separating the Past From the Present).
Like most other people, Mark still had pandemic-related concerns, but he was able to deal with them in a calm, objective way. In addition, he had a realistic perspective about his current situation.
Even though he had concerns about his current job, he felt sure he would find another job even in a worst case scenario.
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| Trauma From the Past No Longer Gets Triggered in the Present |
Whereas before he had insomnia and nightmares, after he worked through his childhood trauma, his sleep was restful and he no longer had nightmares. And getting proper sleep helped him to stay calm.
Several months later, when Mark was called back to work a few days a week, he adjusted to this new change and looked forward to seeing his colleagues.
In addition to coping better with pandemic-related uncertainties, Mark no longer felt like an imposter. He felt genuinely confident in himself.
Conclusion
Unresolved psychological trauma often gets triggered in the present by current stressors. It can take its toll emotionally and physically.
Experiential therapy, like EMDR, helps you to work through unresolved trauma from the past so it no longer affects you in the present (see my article: Why Experiential Therapy is More Effective Than Just Talk Therapy)
This allows you to deal with current uncertainties without the emotional triggers from the past because you're free from your history.
About Me
I am a licensed New York City psychotherapist, hypnotherapist, EMDR, AEDP, EFT and Somatic Experiencing therapist.
I work with individual adults and couples, and I have helped many clients to overcome unresolved trauma.
To find out more about me, visit my website: Josephine Ferraro, LCSW - NYC Psychotherapist.
To set up a consultation, call me at (917) 742-2624 during business hours or email me.